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Titulus Crucis
Titulus Crucis (Latin for "Title of the Cross") is a piece of wood, claimed to be a relic of the True Cross, kept in the church of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme in Rome. Christian tradition claims that the relic is half of the cross's ''titulus'' (inscription) and a portion of the True Cross. It is generally either ignored by scholars〔Morris, Colin ''The sepulchre of Christ and the medieval West: from the beginning to 1600'' OUP Oxford (17 Mar 2005) ISBN 978-0-19-826928-1 p.32 ()〕 or considered to be a medieval forgery.〔Byrne, Ryan; McNary-Zak, Bernadette ''Resurrecting the Brother of Jesus: The James Ossuary Controversy and the Quest for Religious Relics'' The University of North Carolina Press (15 Aug 2009) ISBN 978-0-8078-3298-1 p.87 ()〕
The board is made of walnut wood, 25x14 cm in size, 2.6 cm thick and has a weight of 687 g. It is inscribed on one side with three lines, of which the first one is mostly destroyed. The second line is written in Greek letters and reversed script, the third in Latin letters, also with reversed script.〔
==History==
The Church of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme was built about 325 AD by Saint Helena (the mother of Emperor Constantine the Great) after her pilgrimage to the Holy Land, during which she reportedly located the True Cross and many other relics which she gave to the new church. The ''Titulus Crucis'' is alleged to have been among these relics. At the time of Egeria's pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 383 a "title" (''titulus'') was shown as one of the relics at Jerusalem : "A silver-gilt casket is brought in which is the holy wood of the Cross. The casket is opened and (the wood) is taken out, and both the wood of the Cross and the title are placed upon the table."〔Latin original: ... et affertur loculus argenteus deauratus, in quo est lignum sanctum crucis, aperitur et profertur, ponitur in mensa tam lignum crucis quam titulus. (''Itinerarium Egeriae'' 37,1)〕 The 6th-century pilgrim Antoninus of Piacenza describes a ''titulus'' in Jerusalem and its inscription: it said ''Hic est rex Iudaeorum'' ("Here is the king of the Jews"), while the one kept in Rome shows ''Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum'' ("Jesus the Nazarene king of the Jews").〔The ''Antoninii Placentini Itinerarium'' can be read in ''Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina'', vol. 175, 130〕 He also described the wood as nut.
Sometime before 1145 the relic was placed in a box which has the seal of Cardinal Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, raised to the cardinalate in 1124 as cardinal priest of this church, who became Pope in 1144, as Lucius II, thus dating the seal.〔Nickell, Joe ''Relics of the Christ'' The University Press of Kentucky (1 Mar 2007) ISBN 978-0-8131-2425-4 pp87-88 ()〕 It was apparently forgotten until February 1, 1492, when it was discovered by workmen restoring a mosaic, hidden behind a brick with the inscription ''Titulus Crucis''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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